hmg-coa structure HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A) reductase - HMG-CoAsynthase HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A Unveiling the HMG-CoA Structure: A Key Player in Biological Pathways

Hmg coaformula HMG-CoA, scientifically known as (3*S*)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A, is a crucial intermediate molecule involved in several vital metabolic pathways. Its complex structure and enzymatic interactions make it a focal point for understanding lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis, as well as ketone body formation. This article delves into the intricate structure of HMG-CoA and its significant biological roles, drawing upon research into its enzymatic machinery and interactionsKEGG COMPOUND: C00356.

A central enzyme in the story of HMG-CoA is HMG-CoA reductase. This enzyme, which is an integral protein of the endoplasmic reticulum, catalyzes the reduction of HMG-CoA into mevalonate. This reaction is the rate-limiting step in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, making HMG-CoA reductase a prime target for therapeutic interventions, such as the widely used HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statinsHMG-CoA | C27H44N7O20P3S | CID 445127 - PubChem. Research has meticulously explored the three-dimensional structures of the catalytic domain of HMG-CoA reductases, providing deep insights into enzyme function and inhibitor design. For instance, the structure of the catalytic portion of human HMG-CoA reductase reveals how crucial substrates like HMG-CoA and NADPH are recognized, suggesting a detailed catalytic mechanism.

The molecule itself, HMG-CoA, is formed through enzymatic processes. It is recognized as a molecule formed from three molecules of acetyl-coenzyme A in the presence of HMG-CoA synthaseHMG-CoA. This initial condensation is a critical starting point for downstream metabolic transformations. PubChem, a comprehensive database of chemical molecules, lists HMG-CoA with a specific chemical formula: Formula.HMG-CoA | C27H44N7O20P3S | CID 445127 - PubChem C27H44N7O20P3S, and an exact mass of 911.1575. This detailed chemical definition is essential for researchers investigating its precise interactions within biological systemsHMG-CoA reductase - Wikipedia.

The structure of HMG-CoA is also characterized by its ability to bind within specific enzyme domains. For example, studies on crystal structure of archaeal HMG-CoA reductase and related enzymes reveal that the molecule is bound by a domain with an unusual fold. This fold, often comprising a central alpha helix surrounded by beta sheets and alpha helices, is finely tuned to accommodate and catalyze reactions involving HMG-CoA作者：ES Istvan·2000·被引用次数：219—Thestructureillustrates howHMG-CoAand NADPH are recognized and suggests a catalytic mechanism. Catalytic portions of human HMGR form tight tetramers.. Furthermore, the structure illustrates how HMG-CoA and NADPH are recognized, highlighting the enzyme's specificity.

Beyond cholesterol synthesis, HMG-CoA plays a role in ketogenesis. In this pathway, HMG-CoA is not only an intermediate but also a precursor to ketone bodies. The HMG-CoA lyase enzyme is involved in cleaving HMG-CoA to produce acetoacetate, a key ketone body.New Crystallographic Snapshots of Large Domain Movements ... This demonstrates the versatility of HMG-CoA as a metabolic hubHMG-CoA; 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA.Formula. C27H44N7O20P3S. Exact mass. 911.1575. Mol weight. 911.66. Structure ... Ketone body biosynthesis, acetyl-CoA => ....

The exploration of HMG-CoA's structure extends to its various forms and related molecules. For instance, a 2D structure representation using tools like the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver provides a simplified, yet informative, depiction of the molecule's connectivity.作者：ER Ragwan·2018·被引用次数：11—Crystal structure of archaeal HMG ‐CoA reductase: insights into structural changes of the C‐terminal helix of the class‐I enzyme. FEBS Letters 2019, 593 (5) ... Variations exist, such as the (E)-3-methylglutaconyl-CoA, which can be hydrated to form HMG-CoA via the enzyme methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase.

The human enzyme HMG-CoA reductase itself is a significant protein. The main isoform in humans is 888 amino acids long, a substantial polypeptide chain that folds into a complex three-dimensional conformation. The catalytic site, responsible for processing HMG-CoA, is located in the cytosol, despite the protein being a polytopic transmembrane protein embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum. This topological arrangement is crucial for its function within the cellular membrane system.作者：B Vögeli·2019·被引用次数：17—This pathway involves the condensation of three molecules of acetyl-CoA to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-. CoA (HMG-CoA).HMG-CoAis then ...

Detailed structural analyses have been conducted on various forms of HMG-CoA reductaseHMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. For instance, the crystal structure of a HMGR from Arabidopsis thaliana has provided insights into its active site's geometry, revealing it to be wider than those found in non-plant species. Similarly, Crystal structures of human HMG-CoA synthase isoforms offer valuable information for understanding inherited ketogenesis disorders and for designing targeted inhibitors. The molecular model of human enzyme HMG-CoA reductase visually represents this complex protein and its role in initiating cholesterol biosynthesis.2007年4月3日—Crystal structures of human HMG-CoA synthase isoformsprovide insights into inherited ketogenesis disorders and inhibitor design.

In essence, the structure of HMG-CoA is intrinsically linked to the structure and function of the enzymes that synthesize, metabolize, and interact with it. The detailed understanding of these molecular architectures, from the HMG-CoA molecule itself to the intricate active sites of enzymes like HMG-CoA reductase, is paramount for advancing our knowledge of fundamental biological processes and developing innovative therapeutic strategies(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA | Ligand page. The continuous exploration of these structures through advanced techniques like X-ray crystallography provides an atomic-level perspective essential for deciphering complex biochemical pathways. The role of HMG-CoA as a pivotal molecule in pathways such as steroid biosynthesis and ketone body production underscores its importance in human health and disease.